THE ROLE OF METALLURGY IN THE HOLY QUR'AN: HISTORICAL CONTEXTS AND CONTEMPORARY SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

The Holy Qur'an, revealed approximately 1400 years ago, encompasses teachings that extend beyond spiritual guidance to include insights into natural phenomena. This study investigates the Holy Qur'an's perspectives on metallurgy, specifically focusing on iron extraction and steel production as described in Surah Al-Kahf. Through a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach and thematic analysis of verses 96 and 97, which detail the construction of a barrier using iron and molten copper, this research explores the metallurgical processes implied in the text. Surah Al-Kahf was chosen for its explicit references to iron and its applications, particularly in the narrative of Dhul-Qarnayn, offering a unique lens for examining ancient metallurgical knowledge. By comparing these Quranic descriptions with modern scientific understanding of iron smelting, alloying, and purification, the study reveals a remarkable alignment between the two. The findings suggest that the Holy Qur'Én references advanced metallurgical techniques, such as the use of fluxes and alloying agents, which parallel contemporary practices in iron and steel production. This research not only highlights the Holy Qur'an's scientific dimensions but also contributes to the broader discourse on the intersection of religious texts and scientific knowledge, demonstrating the potential for interdisciplinary dialogue between theology and materials science.