Hamdard Islamicus

THE VIEWS OF ALLAMAH MUHAMMAD IQBAL AND NURETTIN TOPÇU ON SELFHOOD (PERSONALITY)

DR. HASAN HÜSEYIN KARGIN — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study is to examine the theories of selfhood (personality) developed by Allamah Muhammad Iqbal and Nurettin Topçu. Both Nurettin Topçu and Muhammad Iqbal recognized the urgent need for a new type of human being — individuals with a strong sense of selfhood — to rescue Muslims from the mire of laziness, ignorance, blind imitation, alienation from Islamic values, the loss of curiosity and the spirit of inquiry, dishonesty, deceit, incompetence, and servitude. Both thinkers developed intellectual systems centered on the concept of selfhood. According to Iqbal and Topçu, selfhood is only possible through pure and strong faith, accompanied by complete devotion to the principle of TawÍÊd (the Oneness of God). When a person draws closer to God, they attain true freedom and are liberated from all bonds that limit them. Through love, the human self can reach a potential power, and when polished with the jewel of faith, it can draw nearer to God. What makes a human being truly human is freedom and responsibility. Possessing willpower distinguishes a person from all other creatures and makes them God’s vicegerent on earth. The essence of the self is movement — a constant search and struggle. The Islamic self is courageous; it strives to break free from all restraints that limit it and seeks only to draw closer to God. A person with true selfhood is free from ostentation and hypocrisy, respectful toward both the Creator and creation, humble, generous, brave, and truthful.

PROPHETIC THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES AND THEIR IMPACT ON ACHIEVING PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

SABAH ZEKHNINI — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research discusses how to identify prophetic therapy methods and how they impact mental health and psychological well-being. This study’s value comes from finding prophetic therapy through the evidence gathered in the Hadith narrated by Ibn ×ibbÉn in his SaÍÊÍ [2/76, No. 361]. It uses multiple types of research methodologies: inductive, deductive, and survey-based. The research focuses on finding the main ideas behind psychological well-being in the Sunnah and finding therapeutic therapy methods for problems related to mental health. The researcher created a survey/questionnaire and distributed them to 200 students at Al Qasimia University and used SPSS software to complete the analysis of their responses. The results of the survey indicate that the Sunnah provided us with the methods of therapy and provided us with the foundation and for the necessities of one's psychological well-being, giving rise to the idea of psychologist’s adoption of the principles later on. This study was based on authentic sources of the Sunnah along with 28 scholarly studies and hopes to provide the better knowledge base to help increase the understanding of prophetic therapy techniques as a means to help psychotherapists and also to create a desire for more research to be conducted to look into the various ways the Prophetic tradition can assist today in relation to modern-day psychology

ISLAMIC SPIRITUAL THOUGHT OF SHĀH WALĪ ALLĀH: A STUDY OF HAM‘AT AND ALTĀF AL-QUDS

NIYAZ AHMAD LONE, Dr. Sheikh Jameil Ali — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

During the 13th century, as Islam began to disseminate in the Indian Subcontinent, Ṣufī thought became central to the region's Islamic development. Ṣūfīsm deeply influenced the propagation of Islam in the Subcontinent, and its teachings shaped the Muslim ethos. Among the influential figures, Shāh Walī Allāh stands out for his extraordinary contributions to Ṣufī thought, particularly in his works Ham‘at and Altāf al-quds. This study focuses on his role in shaping Islamic spirituality, emphasizing inner purification and aligning personal and societal transformation with the Holy Qur’ān and Sunnah. In Ham‘at, Shāh Walī Allāh examines the essence of spiritual experience and its practical effects, providing a historical and philosophical assessment of Islamic spirituality. This work explores how spirituality can guide individual development. In Altāf al-quds, he refines the relationship between humans and the Divine, promoting a balanced approach to spirituality that blends mystical insights with Sharī‘ah-based ethics. He also addresses the purification of the heart, intellect, and self (LaÏā’if). This research investigates Shāh Walī Allāh's philosophical and theological foundations, his integration of Ṣūfīsm with mainstream Islamic principles, and his critique of contemporary religious practices. It explores his vision for the moral and spiritual upliftment of the Muslim community. By applying textual analysis, qualitative, and historical methods, this study offers a nuanced understanding of his thought, distinguishing it from prior research.

PHILOSOPHY OF LEGISLATION IN AL-FĀRĀBĪ'S VIEW BASED ON KITĀB AL-MILLAH AND SIYĀSAT AL-MADANĪYAH

GHASEM ALI KOUCHNANI, MOHAMAD MAHDI DAVAR, REYHANEH SADEGHI — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The main issue in this paper is whether it is possible to derive a coherent system of legislation in Fārābi's philosophy or not? This paper argues that the issue of legislation in Fārābī's philosophy is obvious, and the topic of legislation was discussed in Fārābī's philosophy coherently. The meaning of coherence is that the need for law, the sources of law, the method of legislation, and the purpose of legislation can be extracted in Fārābī's view. Fārābī's theories in these four axes are philosophy of legislation. In addition, this research paper aims to discuss and examine these four axes, which will ultimately lead to the presentation of the philosophy of legislation. All of these four axes are found in two of Fārābī's books. First, Kitāb al-Millah, and second, Siyāsat al-Madanīyah. Furthermore, in the sources of law, the theory of natural law, in the method of legislation, the theory of aristocracy, and in the purpose of legislation, the theory of happiness can be inferred. In doing so, the philosophy of legislation in Fārābī's point of view is based on the natural law and innate nature (FiÏrah) for achieving happiness, and it is codified by someone wise. The main goal of the study is to accurately understand Al-Farabi's philosophical and social foundations to extract his legal theory as an approach to the philosophy of law with descriptive-analytical methods. This study fills a gap by systematizing Fārābī’s legislative philosophy into four axes.

EDUCATIONAL IDEAS BY THOMAS JEFFERSON AND SYED MUHAMMAD NAQUIB AL-ATTAS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

NOORILHAM ISMAIL, MOHD KASTURI NOR ABD AZIZ, AHMAD HIFZURRAHMAN RIDZUAN — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Education has been a subject of global discourse, both in the East and the West. These discussions often focus on the educational ideologies proposed by intellectuals and administrative elites. In the United States, for example, Thomas Jefferson, who served as President from 1801 to 1808, was an ardent advocate of education for national development. In Malaysia, Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas is renowned as a scholar for his concept of the Islamisation of knowledge, which has resulted in numerous scholarly works. This study provides a comparative analysis of the educational ideas of Jefferson and Al-Attas, particularly in relation to the development of educational worldviews, the knowledgeble individuals, and the establishment of higher education institutions. These three components demonstrate how the educational philosophies of both figures can be applied to the advancement of their respective nations. The research employs qualitative methods, relying on an analysis of primary writings by Jefferson and Al-Attas. Jefferson’s personal correspondence, digitized and accessible through the Founders Online platform at the National Archives of the United States, was examined alongside Al-Attas’s magnum opus works. Comparative analyses were conducted to highlight the educational philosophies of these two figures within a historical framework. Authoritative secondary sources, including books and journal articles, were also utilised to support the discussion. This effort highlights the significance of Jefferson's ideas in advancing education in the United States and the intellectual contributions of Al-Attas to Malaysia's academic landscape during their respective eras. Although Jefferson was a statesman with intellectual inclinations, Al-Attas was an intellectual with a vision akin to that of a statesman. The study concludes that the educational philosophies of Jefferson and Al-Attas are instrumental in shaping worldviews, knowledgeble individuals, and contributing to the establishment of higher education institutions.

Editor — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

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Editorial

Editor — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Editorial

Perspectives on Interpreting Islam in the Contemporary Indo-Pak Subcontinent: Issues and Trends

Aadil Hussain Malik — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Characterized by its rich and evolving engagement with both tradition and modernity through diverse scholarly approaches, the Indo-Pak Subcontinent has historically served as a vibrant centre of Islamic intellectual thought. In the 18^th century, Shah Wali Allah pioneered a revivalist-synthetic methodology, uniting theology, jurisprudence, and Sufism into a cohesive intellectual framework. His legacy was carried forward by Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Iqbal, Fazlur Rahman and others. In contrast, Maulana Wahiduddin Khan, in the 21^st century, reinterpreted Islamic teachings in conversation with secular modernity and promoting interfaith harmony by advanced a conciliatory-apologetic method. More recently, scholars like Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi and Muhammad Khalid Masud have adopted reformist-contextual strategies, addressing contemporary in Islamic economics and legal reform through critical engagement with classical sources and adaptive reasoning.